Flame-retardant materials in 3D printing: an overview

3D printing has established itself as one of the most flexible and innovative technologies in recent years. From prototypes and industrial applications to consumer products, 3D printing offers a wide range of possibilities. However, as with any technology, there are challenges that need to be overcome. One of these challenges in 3D printing is the flame retardancy of materials. Especially in safety-critical areas such as aerospace, the automotive industry or the electronics sector, the use of flame-retardant materials is essential. In this article, we look at two important flame-retardant materials used in 3D printing: Onyx FR and PETG-FR.

Onyx FR: Carbon fiber reinforced plastic with flame retardancy

Onyx FR is a carbon fiber reinforced plastic specially developed for applications where high strength and flame retardancy are required. The addition of carbon fibers gives the material exceptional stiffness and strength, while the flame retardant additives ensure that the material meets the required fire safety standards.

Properties and applications

Onyx FR offers a combination of high mechanical performance and improved flame retardancy that makes it ideal for aerospace and automotive applications. The material complies with UL94 V-0 standards, which means that it is self-extinguishing within 10 seconds of removing the ignition source and does not form burning droplets. This property makes Onyx FR particularly suitable for use in areas where there is a high risk of fire.

Another highlight of Onyx FR is its temperature resistance. The material can withstand temperatures of up to 150°C without compromising its structural integrity. This is particularly important in environments where high temperatures occur, such as near motors or electronic devices.

PETG-FR: Flame-retardant plastic for everyday use

PETG (polyethylene terephthalate glycol) is a widely used plastic known for its ease of processing and good mechanical properties. PETG-FR is a modified version of this material that has been improved by the addition of flame-retardant additives.

Properties and applications

PETG-FR is a versatile material that offers a good balance between strength, toughness and flame retardancy. Unlike Onyx FR, which is mainly used in industrial applications, PETG-FR is also suitable for use in everyday products such as electronic housings, household appliances and even furniture. It also meets UL94 V-0 standards, which underlines its suitability for safety-critical applications.

Another advantage of PETG-FR is its low tendency to deform during printing. This facilitates the production of complex geometries and large components, which is particularly advantageous for prototypes and small series production.

Scientific consideration and further development

Research into flame-retardant materials for 3D printing is a dynamic field. Scientists are continuously investigating new additives and material combinations to improve flame retardancy without compromising the mechanical properties of the materials. For example, one study has shown that combining nanometric additives such as graphene with traditional flame retardant substances can significantly improve performance.

In addition, efforts are underway to develop more environmentally friendly flame retardant additives, as many of the substances currently in use raise concerns about their environmental impact. Phosphorus- and nitrogen-based systems are promising candidates that could be used in future flame-retardant 3D printing materials.

Conclusion

Flame-retardant materials such as Onyx FR and PETG-FR offer decisive advantages in 3D printing for applications with high safety requirements. While Onyx FR impresses with its high strength and temperature resistance, PETG-FR offers a versatile and user-friendly solution for everyday applications. Continuous research and development in this area will certainly lead to even higher performing and more environmentally friendly materials that will further expand the application possibilities of 3D printing.

Sources:

1. Lyon, R. E., & Walters, R. N. (2018). Nanoparticle fire retardants: Current status and future prospects. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 158, 173-181.
2. Granzow, A. (2020). Phosphorus-based Flame Retardants in 3D Printing: Current Research and Applications. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 137(47), 49398.